“北京+25审查”亚太部长级会议上的中国声音（上）

2019年11月27至29日在泰国曼谷的联合国大楼举办了“北京+25审查”亚太部长级会议 (Asia-PacificMinisterial Conference on the Beijing+25 Review)，这是亚太地区国家为明年北京世界妇女大会25周年而举办的区域筹备会议，也是对本地区妇女权益保障相关工作进展情况的一次区域评议。[1]会议过程中，亚太国家的部长和相关职能部委的高级官员、民间社会、其他主要利益攸关方齐聚一堂，旨在：为突破实现性别平等与妇女赋权所面临的障碍，确定相应的战略领域及行动；为引介创新解决办法、交流良好实践与经验提供平台；通过利益攸关方的积极参与，为实现性别平等与妇女赋权注入活力。[2]

第一天的主要内容是各国代表介绍1995年第四次世界妇女大会（北京）后，本国在实施《北京宣言》和《行动纲领》过程中取得的进展和遭遇的挑战；第二天是将促进亚太地区妇女与女孩的性别平等与妇女赋权这个大目标，拆分成四个专题领域进行讨论，这四个专题领域即是「发展」——包容发展、共享繁荣、体面工作 (inclusive development, shared prosperity and decent work)，「反暴力」——免于暴力、污名、刻板印象 (freedom from violence, stigma and stereotypes)，「参与」——承担责任、参与、促进性别平等的机构 (accountability, participation and gender-responsive institutions)，「环境」——环境保护、气候行动、复原力建设 (environmental conservation, climate action and resilience building)；第三天的主要内容是通过成果文件和会议报告。[3]

下面我们将分享中国代表在前两天的四项发言：即第一天的大会发言、第二天在「发展」「反暴力」和「参与」这三个专题领域讨论会上的发言。

需要说明两点：一是第二天的「环境」专题领域讨论中，没有中国代表发言；二是前三项发言中代表使用的全是中文，第四项发言中嘉宾和代表使用的均为英文，但由于笔者能力有限，空耳胡听都已经很艰难、就更不敢再斗胆翻译成中文了。

至于第三天的内容，关心妇女权益的朋友或许已经了解，美国代表针对成果文件提出唱名表决 (roll call vote)，理由是文件中关于妇女生殖健康权利和自由的内容与美国的反堕胎政策相抵触。那么中国代表是如何回应，投票结束后又有何表示呢？请待下期推送。

1. 第一天的大会发言

尊敬的主席，各位部长，下午好！

1995年在北京召开的第四次妇女大会通过了《北京宣言》和《行动纲领》至今仍是指导全球男女平等事业发展的政治纲领。2015年中国与（联合国）妇女署共同举办全球妇女峰会，[敏感词]提出，促进性别平等和妇女全面发展的四点中国主张；[敏感词]承诺，中国为发展中国家培训十三万妇女，建立一百所妇幼健康工程，建立一百所快乐校园，现在已完成了60%以上，明年将全部完成。会上八十多个国家元首和政府首脑为本国妇女发展作出承诺，我们期待明年这些承诺能全部付诸实践，见到更多成果。这些都是对《北京宣言》《行动纲领》《2030年可持续发展议程》的积极落实。

今年是新中国成立七十周年，七十年来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化，中国妇女也发生了翻天覆地的变化。中国共产党和中国政府一贯高度重视妇女儿童工作，（由于）时间的关系呢，我仅用几组事实和数据向大家作介绍。

一是法律上。新中国成立后，制定的第一部法律就是《婚姻法》，现在我们以宪法为基础制定了一百多部涉及保障妇女儿童权益的法律法规，包括《妇女权益保障法》《女职工劳动保护特别规定》《反家庭暴力法》等等，全面保证妇女平等权益。中国有三十一个省（区、市），三十一个省（区、市）都建立了法规政策性别平等评估机制，将男女平等价值理念引入法规政策制定、实施、监督各环节。

二是减贫。历时七十年，3.5亿妇女脱离了贫困。

三是教育。七十年前，女性文盲率是90%以上，现在大学生、硕士生中女性比例均超过了50%。

四是就业。2017年全国女性就业人数是3.4亿，互联网创业者中，妇女占55%。

五是健康，七十年前，女性平均预期寿命是35岁，现在已经延长到79岁。

1995年第四次世界妇女大会以来，我们连续颁布了三个周期的《中国妇女和中国儿童发展纲要》。我们建立并完善由三十多个国家政府部门组成的提高妇女地位的国家机制——国务院妇女儿童工作委员会，从国家到市县各个层面都设立了这一委员会。在乡村我们有一支代表和维护妇女权益、促进妇女全面发展的770万人的工作队伍。还有从国家到地方的政策、人员、经费等方面的支持。这一切成就是因为中国共产党的领导下的中国特色社会主义制度保障。刚刚召开的中国共产党十九届四中全会，强调了坚持和完善促进男女平等、妇女全面发展的制度机制，这必将推动中国妇女事业发展迈向新的台阶。

女士们，先生们，人类的命运从来没有像今天这样紧密相连。在经济全球化、科技迅猛发展的今天，妇女应该更加紧密地团结在一起，加强对话、凝聚共识、强化命运共同体意识。我们期待也支持会议通过一个简洁、有力、面向行动的部长级宣言。让我们发扬北京世妇会精神，携手努力，砥砺前行，共同推动性别平等事业取得新进展，推动构建人类命运共同体。

欢迎大家到北京。谢谢大家！

1. 第二天在「发展」专题领域讨论会上的发言

[笔者没录上，记忆的内容：介绍中国资助其他发展中国家的妇女发展。回应前段萨摩亚代表的发言，政府为萨摩亚当地妇女提供缝纫技能培训便是其中一例。]

[英文同传: First, to integrate women’s overall develop into the macro economic and social development planning, China’s 13th five-year plan contains a section on the overall development of women with a guidelines for implementation of women’s development. ]1995年北京世妇会以来，中国政府连续颁布了三个周期、历时三十年的妇女发展纲要，努力完善促进男女平等和妇女全面发展的制度和机制，为中国妇女的全面发展提供了有力的制度保障。

二是推动妇女脱贫，中国政府制定实施2011到2020年农村扶贫开发的纲要，其中把妇女作为扶贫的重点群体，提出了教育培训脱贫、巧手创业脱贫、爱心互助脱贫、身心健康脱贫等实际举措。中国农村的贫困人口从2012年的9899万减少到目前的1660万，其中约一半是妇女。

三是促进妇女就业创业，中国政府把妇女平等参与经济、平等就业作为推动妇女发展的优先领域，中国的政府部门印发了《关于进一步规范招聘行为、促进妇女就业的通知》，明确要坚决纠正就业中的各种性别歧视行为，建立了多部门联合约谈、市场监管、司法救助三条促进妇女就业的救济渠道。中国实施鼓励妇女就业创业的小额担保贷款、财政贴息政策，十年间累计发放贷款3837亿多元，财政贴息408亿多元，有近657万人次的妇女获得了这个贷款。中国女性就业人数达到了3.4亿。互联网领域创业中的女性占到了55%。

中国愿与各国加强交流合作，共同促进男女平等和包容性的发展。谢谢！

1. 第二天在「反暴力」专题领域讨论会上的发言

谢谢，谢谢分享各位的精彩发言。

妇女的人身权益是最基本的人权。2015年在全球妇女峰会上，[敏感词]提出促进妇女全面发展的四点主张，其中第三条就是努力构建和谐包容的社会文化。男女平等是中国社会发展的一项基本国策，消除对妇女的歧视和偏见、消除一切形式针对妇女的暴力是中国政府和社会一贯的、坚定的主张和行动。

我们一是完善保障妇女权益的法律体系。中国《宪法》规定妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭生活各方面享有同男子平等的权利，我们形成了以《宪法》为基础、以《妇女权益保障法》为主体、包括《反家庭暴力法》等一百多部单行法律法规在内的保障妇女权益的法律体系。2015年通过的《刑法修正案（九）》更加有力地惩处强奸幼女、拐卖妇女儿童的犯罪行为。

二是建立保障妇女合法权益的工作机制。中国政府专门设立保障妇女权益的国务院妇女儿童工作委员会，所有的省都建立了法规政策性别平等评估机制，各地法院普遍设立了妇女维权法庭和合议庭，努力让妇女在法律法规政策的实施当中感受到性别平等和公平正义。

三是在全社会培育性别平等意识。我们加强对传媒的引导和监管，禁止在媒体中出现贬损、否定妇女人格的歧视现象。我们有17个省（区，市）的一万多所中小学开展了性别平等教育进课堂工作，一百多所高校开设了女性学课程，2400所公务人员的培训机构普遍开展男女平等基本国策的课程。

中国将继续努力让每个妇女和女童都沐浴在平等幸福的阳光里。谢谢！

1. 第二天在「参与」专题领域讨论会上的发言

蔡縩（主持人）：Now, let me turn to our next panelist, Madam Zhang Haidi, Vice-Chair of the State Council Committee and also Chair Preserve for China’s Disabled PersonsFederation.

Madam Zhang, based on your own experience, could you share with us your views on equal participation of women and their role in decision-making? Also, could you share the visions you have regarding gender equality and realization of 2030 Agenda?Thank you.

张海迪（发言嘉宾）：Sisters and my friends, good afternoon. I became paralyzed at the age of 5. At that time, I had never dreamed that one day I could have the chance to talk about gender equality like what we are doing here today. Equality is a word that carries a weight, I think. It’s very important… It reflects the pursuit and aspiration of numerous women, and many people have paid a various cost for gender equality. I also seek equality and equal rights at others. I always have a [听不清] in myself and try to turn impossible into possible. As a woman, we need to have inner power and self-encouragement so that we can face all difficulties and break obstacles in outside world. Based on the Constitution, China has formulated or revised its laws and regulations including the Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities so that women can participate in social activities more fully, earn public respect and achieve equality. CDPF has worked actively to promote the employment of persons with disabilities, putting women high on the priority list. Many women with disabilities have joined in the poverty reduction efforts. Last October, China’s Central Government, the State Council commented a member of model workers for the poverty reduction actions. Among them, we are five men and four with disabilities. By growing potatoes or making cloth flowers and dresses, these women have raised the living conditions of themselves and the families, and they also help the villagers improve their lives.

Over the past 30 years, the political and social position of women with disabilities have been raised. For instance, 6482 Chinese with disabilities are deputies to the People’s Congress or the CPPCC’s members at different levels. And including 2130 of them are women. It’s good news, I think. I have been a member of the National Committee or Standing Committee of the CPPCC for five consecutive terms which is a top political adversary body in China.

As a woman leader, I have a particular concern for women with disabilities. I have proposed to build a big data system on women with disabilities and gave priority to their rehabilitation, education, and employment. I also care about the quality of their life, marriage and their families. I think marriage means a lot to gender equality. Traditionally people think that a person with disabilities should lower their expectation for marriage and a woman with disability should marry someone inferior. But not me. Disability won’t make me lower my aspiration for marriage. I’m confident and optimistic, I was sure I would find my Mr. Right. So, 37 years ago, I got married and now my husband is a retired professor at university. And my husband and I have lived a peaceful happy life. Equality won’t come by itself. One obtains equality with her efforts. Their productive rights should also be protected with medical and technological progress. We will see more women with disabilities give birth to their babies, I think.

蔡縩（主持人）：Thank you, Madam Zhang, or Madam Haidi. Everybody knows you as a Haidi, as a national hero, especially, as a person with disabilities, how you participate fully in, not only your professional development but also economic, social development in China and set a role model for all women and girls with disabilities, and demonstrate women in their diversity can contribute to both the development of our society as well as a leadership.

Now with this experience, could you share with us your vision in terms of gender equality, women's empowerment as well as the realization of 2030 Agenda for sustainable development? Thank you.

张海迪（发言嘉宾）：The second question is very good, I think. Gender equality should be a pursuit of all governments, I think. It reflects respect to human being and protection of life. The bias toward women has existed for centuries. Women's contributions to their families are also contributions to society, I think. What they have done to maintain social stability, she'll be fully recognized and respected. Efforts should be made to enhance physiological and childbearing protection for women. We need to provide better education to as many women as possible, create more jobs and end employment discrimination. As a state level, we need to further raise women's political status and reserve their path for women in functional departments of the state and social governance. With technological progress, especially with the arrival of the digital and the smart era is possible that women would get further emancipation and equally and sharing well assuring will be finally realized, I think.

……

中国代表：Thank you, Madam Chair. And also I would like to ask Dr. Lee Jung-ok a question. Could you please share some successful examples to institutionalize gender equality in your country? Thank you.

[1] 37比1！联合国亚太妇女权益审议会议对美国说不. 人民网国际频道. 2019年12月1日. URL: http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2019/1201/c1002-31483612.html 最后访问于：2019年12月2日16时35分.

[2] Asia-Pacific Regional Review of the 25th Anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: Beijing+25 Review. UN ESCAP. URL：https://www.unescap.org/intergovernmental-meetings/asia-pacific-regional-review-25th-anniversary-beijing-declaration 最后访问于：2019年12月2日18时03分.

[3] “北京+25审查”亚太部长级会议临时议程. ESCAP/MCBR/2019.L.1 2019年7月24日. URL: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Provisional_agenda_B25_%28CHI%29.pdf 最后访问于：2019年12月2日17时54分.